THE CHRYSANTHEMUM. 



141 



pit. All the perennial Campanulas — viz. Grandiflora, 

 Nobilis, and Carpatica, &c. — may be propagated by- 

 division of the root, and by seed when it can be had. 



The Aquilegia [Ranunculacece). 



All the Columbines are beautiful. The peculiar con- 

 struction of the flower of the double ones renders this 

 genus a curiosity. They are a handsome tribe of hardy 

 perennials, and no garden should be without some of 

 them ; for borders in good- sized single clumps they are 

 unsurpassed for effect. All of them may be raised from 

 seed sown in fine soil in the open ground in April, and 

 also by division of the root. 



The Chrysanthemum (Asteraceaj. 



There are three divisions in this favourite genus 

 — the Chinese large-flowered, the Japan, a curious 

 shaded class, and the Pompon. Each of these possesses 

 some peculiar feature of its own. The Chinese class is 

 the most noble-flowered ; the Japan class possesses 

 medium flowers of some two or three colours, frequently, 

 in the same flower ; the Pompon class possesses very 

 small and perfect flowers of every tint. 



The propagation of all these is by cuttings of the 

 young growth 2 or 3 inches long in the month of Febru- 

 ary or the beginning of March, taken off and inserted 

 in pots filled with fine-sifted old manure one part, maiden 

 loam one part, and sand one part, and set in a mild 

 heat ; potted off as soon as rooted, and grown as fast as 

 possible in a cold frame, being frequently stopped to 

 induce a bushy growth, finally shifting them into 8 or 

 9-inch pots, and setting them outside in an open place 

 where the plants can have the benefit of the full sun 

 and light all round, frequently stopping the young- 

 growth up to the end of July, when it must be discon- 

 tinued. 



Layering may be resorted to as a good method of 

 propagation. To do this well, put the plants out on a 



