104 THE FRUIT-TREE AND SHRUB PRUNER. 



year ; that is, that which springs from the eyes or cut- 

 back spurs of the old wood. 



In the first instance, lay in the principal leaders as 

 is clone with a Rose trained on the wall. Then adopt 

 these leaders as permanent bases for the future supply 

 of laterals ; each of the buds on these leaders will emit 

 a lateral, and these will give flowers. Every season 

 after the flowering is over, and at any time from 

 November until March, cut these laterals back to one 

 or two buds on the leader, i.e. spur them in as you 

 would a Grape Yine. 



Old leaders that are worn out, as well as weak ones, 

 may be cut clean out, and new ones substituted for 

 them. Frequently the old leaders will want shortening 

 in to prevent the plant from getting barren below. 



The Passion-flower. 



As a rule Passion-flowers get the mastery of the 

 gardener. Tt is a rare thing indeed to find the common 

 P. Ccerulea kept in good order — it is generally a mass 

 of confusion. The reason is that this magnificent 

 climber makes such rapid growth that it gets into a 

 confused state before the manager is aware of it. The 

 Passion-flower, and the person in whose care it is, re- 

 mind one of the boy who was sent by the farmer into 

 one of his fields to spread a lot of manure heaps over it. 

 The boy idled away his time, and thought to himself 

 that he could do the lot in one quarter of the time 

 allowed him for the job, and so kept delaying and de- 

 laying until he found night coming on fast, when he 

 gave it up and said it could not be done at all. Just 

 so is it sometimes with the Passion-flower. Many, no 

 doubt, think and say, " When I have done so and so, 

 I will see to that Passion-flower on the verandah ; " 

 but a week is soon gone, and in the meantime it gets 

 in such a confused state that it cannot be disentangled 

 without a serious injury to the young and tender 

 growth. 



It must be observed that the Passion-flower produces 



