156 CONIFERS. ALDER 



Abies pectinata, DC. Silver Fir (Figs. 15, 61). See also 



p. 144. Old trees, when the leader has gone, round off at 



the top and becoroe cylindroid-columnar (see pp. 65-7). 



This shape is in marked contrast to that of the more 



pointed Spruce. 



© © Radiating hi'anches sweep forward with up- 

 turned ends bearing needles in tufts of 5. 

 Cones small and fall as a whole. 



Pinus Cembra, L. Arolla Pine (see also p. 143). Very 

 apt to be irregularly bushy, cylindroid-columnar, when 

 30—40 feet high. 



Some other Pines assume more or less this form of 

 crown at mid-age. 



tt Not evergreen. Crown more or less open 



and irregularly long-oblong or cylindroid, 



stem not straight and often more or less 



lost in crown. Branches not whorled. Leaves 



not narrow nor crowded nor tufted. 



© Tree 30 — 50 feet or more in height, with 



very light and open foliage and branching^ 



very slender pale and pendent tioigs on 



which are scattered tufts of 30 — 40 leaves, 



or tubercle-like knobs. 



Larix europ(^a, L. Larch (Fig. 68, see also p. 153). 

 In its older stages the Larch loses its leader, the upper 

 branches grow^ to the length of the lower, and the crown 

 becomes more or less oblong or cylindroid (see p. 153). 



©© Twigs and branches not tubei'culate, and 



leaves not acicular. Flowers not in cones. 



[For £-7 Foliage ar.d bark very dark, almost black 



^'—^'-T^Ai in mass. Leaves more or less obovate. 



see p. 160.] _,, . . . , , ,, , 



r lowers m catkins; old, oblong, woody, 



black, cone-like, fruiting catkins often 



remain on through ivinter. 



Alnus glutinosa, L. Alder (Figs. 69, 70). The tree may 

 reach 100 — 120 feet in height but is not often seen over 



