BEECH. HORNBEAM 167 



verse section of anther ; 4, two female flowers in their cupule ; 5, ovary, 

 advancing towards maturity ; 6 and 7, the same in section ; 8, fruits 

 exposed by tlie splitting of the cupule into four valves ; 9, the same 

 before splitting; 10, seed in section; 11 and 12, buds (Wi). 



coming off at acute angles. Spray dis- 

 tichous 



n Trunk cylindrical, not flioted nor hut- 

 tressed; foliage smooth, shining and very 

 dense; buds long fusiform, tawny-hrown, 

 very pointed, distichous, and many- 

 scaled; ^ floioers in tassel-like pendent 

 tufts, fruits trigonal in prickly cupules. 



Fagus sylvatica, L. Beech (Figs. 47, 73, 74). Tree 

 100 — 120 feet, and often ovoid-pointed, passing to dome- 

 shaped or broadly rounded pyramidal, owing to the extension 

 and bending over of the lower branches. Spray distichous 

 and upturned ; with numerous ringed dwarf-shoots. Foliage 

 passing through shades of olive to deep green, shining, 

 more or less oval. The old woody prickly cupules, split 

 into 4 valves, often remaining on through the winter. In 

 young trees, and in clipped Beech hedges, the leaves, dead 

 and brown, may also remain on through the winter. The 

 stem is often traceable far up to the top of the crown, the 

 limbs and branches coming off at acute angles. Twigs 

 olive to slaty-grey, with numerous lenticels. 



EJ EJ Trunk irregidarly fluted or buttressed, 

 branches at acute angles and almost erect 

 (20 — 30° with vertical). Buds rather like 

 those of Beech, but shorter and relatively 

 fatter, more appressed, and with fewer 

 scales. Foliage dull. Elm-like; flowers 

 in loose catkins; fruits winged with large 

 trifoliate bracts. 



Garpinus Betulus,h. Hornbeam (Figs. 75, 76). Rarely 

 as tall as 60 feet, and with many resemblances to Beech, 

 but usually with a bushy ovoid and sometimes more or 



