TREES AND SHRUBS 



down the back. Eggs arc laid in May in the midribs of the leaves, and the 

 lame are busily feeding in June. After two or three weeks they pupate in 

 the ground, emerging soon afterwards to give rise to a second brood of larvae 

 in August or September. The larva- may be killed by spraying the Hose 

 bushes with Hellebore wash or Paris Green. The surface soil may be 

 removed in winter, and either deeply buried or burnt, fresh mould being 

 put over the roots. 



The Leaf-rolling Saw-fly (JBlennocampa pusiHa) attacks both wild and 

 cultivated Roses. The short, stumpy, green larva? fold down the sides of 

 the leaflets and live in the retreats. This folding over prevents the leaf 

 performing its proper functions, and causes it to shrivel and die, after which 

 the larva removes to another leaf. The larvae enter the soil in August, 

 pupate in the early spring, and the flies emerge in May and June. The best 

 treatment is to pick off the folded leaves when first seen, and destroy them 



The Rose Emphytus (Emphytus cinctus) is another common and hurtful 

 species. The larvae are green, and covered with small white spots. They 

 eat the leaves entirely away, holding on by their front feet to the edge, and 

 curling the rest of the body in all manner of shapes. When at rest they 

 lie curled up in a ball on the underside of the leaves. The full-fed larvas 

 bore into the branches and pupate in the following spring. 



Many other Saw-flies belonging to the Genera Emphytus, Cladius, Hylo- 

 toma, Poecilosoma, and Lyda are injurious to Roses. The chief remedies 

 are (1) hand-picking, (2) spraying with Hellebore wash or arsenate of lead, 

 (3) removal of surface soil to a depth of a few inches in autumn, and (4) the 

 burning of all dead wood and loose dead leaves, &c. 



The Order Lepidoptera — Butterflies and Moths — includes a very large 

 number of injurious insects. We can call attention to only a few. 



The Goat Moth (Cossus Ugniperda or Trypanus cossus) is one of the largest 

 and most destructive of British Moths. The perfect insect measures 3 ins. 

 across the fore-wings, which are ashy brown clouded with grey, the hind- 

 wings being brownish-grey. The larva is smooth, with short scattered hairs ; 

 the sides and under surface are a dirty yellowish or flesh-colour ; the back is dark 



XXXVI 





