TREES AND SHRUBS 



needles of Scots Tine in July and August, and may completely defoliate 

 the tins. The pupal stage is passed in the leaf litter on the surface of 

 the soil. 



The Tale Tussock Moth (DasycMra pudihiinda) has pale-grey wings measuring 

 14 2\ ins. across in the female, and somewhat smaller in the male. It is found 

 in May and June. The beautiful larva is known as the Hop-dog from being 

 found in hop-gardens. It is greenish-yellow, with velvety black incisions 

 and four yellow tufts of hair on the back, and a single dull-red tuft on 

 the last segment. It feeds from August to October on the foliage of Lime, 

 Oak, Beech, Birch, Hazel, Willows, Poplars, Walnut, Fruit-trees, and Roses. 

 Infested trees may be banded with tar at about 9 ft. from the ground, before 

 the eggs are hatched. Rose-bushes may be sprayed with arsenate of lead. 



The Black Arches or Nun Moth {Psilura (Lymantria) monacha) is somewhat 

 local in England, but on the Continent it is one of the worst of forest pests. 

 The wings are 1-2| ins. across, white, with numerous irregular, transverse 

 black markings, and the terminal half of the body is pinkish. The female 

 is provided with a long ovipositor, used for laying the eggs in deep crevices 

 of the bark. The moth appears in July and August. The larva is brownish- 

 green, grey or black, with tubercles bearing blue and red hairs. It feeds 

 from May to July on the needles of Spruce and Scots Fir, and on the leaves 

 of Oak, Beech, Birch, and Apple. In the pine forests the caterpillars waste 

 as much as they devour, biting the pine-needles through at the middle, and 

 eating only the short stump. Rings of tar will prevent the larva? from 

 reaching the tree-tops, both when newly hatched, and after letting themselves 

 down by long silken threads. The sticky band intercepts their progress up 

 the trunk, and they die in thousands for want of food. It is said that on the 

 Continent this treatment has saved many forests. 



The Oak-leaf Roller or Green Oak Moth (Tortrix viridana) abounds at 

 the end of June and in July. The fore-wings are bright light green with 

 sulphur-coloured fringes, and expand f in. The hind-wings and abdomen 

 are grey. The larva is light green, ornamented with small black dots, and 

 feeds on Oak, Hornbeam, and Sallow, living in such quantities on the first- 



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 xxxviii 



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