TREES AND SHRUBS 



The larvae do considerable damage to Apple, Pear, and Plum, and are also 



frequently found on Hawthorn and Blackthorn, and less often on Oak, Elm, 



and Hazel. As preventatives, all egg-bands should be collected and burnt 



in winter: tents should be collected and burnt in summer on a dull day 



or in the evening, boards or a cloth being held underneath to catch the 



larva? which fall. Spraying with arsenate of lead has the advantage of killing 



the larva 1 without damaging the foliage ; Paris Green or London Purple 



may also be used for spraying. 



The Brown-tail Moth (Porthesia (Euproctis) chrysorrhcea) has white wings 



and body, and a tuft of brown hairs at the end of the abdomen. The 



moth appears towards the end of July and in August, and the female lays 



a patch of golden-coloured eggs on the under surface of the leaves, covering 



over the batch with hairs from her tail. The eggs hatch in August, and 



the larva. 1 live at first in a common web. They are afterwards greyish-black, 



with reddish hairs ; two reddish-brown lines run down the back, beneath 



which is a row of whitish streaks ; a tuft of hair proceeds from a fleshy 



protuberance on each side of the head. The larva? feed on the same trees 



as the Lackey, and the preventive treatment is the same. 



The Small Ermine Moth (Hyponomeuta padella) is a tiny moth with a 



wing stretch of about f in. The fore-wings are white with a greyish tinge, 



traversed longitudinally by three rows of black dots, about thirty in 



number; the hind-wings are brownish-grey, with light fringes. The moth 



appears in July and August. The larvae are grey, with black spots. They 



appear in May, and live gregariously in a veil-like web on Apple, Plum, 



Hawthorn, Sloe, Mountain Ash, and other trees, often doing considerable 



damage. Other species feed on Spindle. The webs should be destroyed 



in the early stages, being pulled down and burned. The trees may be 



syringed with various solutions, one of the best being made with paraffin 



and soft soap. 



The Winter Moth (Chrimatobia brumata) is abundant in October and 



November, and later in mild seasons. The male measures slightly over 1 in. 



in expanse, the fore-wings being greyish-brown, with several indistinct wavy 



xl 





