TREES AND SHRUBS 



the hind-wings are rust coloured. It Hies from .July to October. The 

 female is wingless, and merely crawls from the inside of the cocoon to the 

 outside, there depositing the eggs, often completely covering the silken 

 case. The larvae appear at intervals lasting over several weeks or even 

 months. They range from 1 \ in. to 2 ins. in length, being dark grey, spotted 

 with small red tubercles; there are four tufts of ochreous hairs standing 

 up from the back of the 5th to 8th segments, two long blackish tufts on 

 the 2nd segment pointing forwards, a slender lateral tuft on each side of the 

 5th and 6th segments, and one long one on the 12th segment pointing 

 backwards. When mature the caterpillar spins a cocoon amongst the 

 leaves and shoots, or on the trunk of a tree, or often on a fence. It feeds 

 on most trees and shrubs, even including the Cherry Laurel : it is specially 

 fond of fruit-trees, Oaks and Roses. All cocoons seen in winter should be 

 burned ; spraying with arsenate of lead is useful ; caterpillars may be picked 

 by hand, or swept into a cloth and destroyed. 



The Codlin Moth (Carpocapsa pomonclla) is a small species, but its larva? 

 are exceedingly destructive to the apple crop. The moth appears in June 

 and July. The fore-wings are grey, with wavy lines of a brown hue, and at 

 the extremities there are oval patches of a golden colour ; the hind-wings 

 have a coppery lustre. The female lays from 50 to 100 eggs, putting one 

 on each apple or pear. The pinkish larva bores into the fruit, usually enter- 

 ing at the " eye " or calyx, and following the core down to the pips, upon 

 which it feeds for some three or four weeks. When full grown, it bores a 

 hole to the outside, and, seeking a place of shelter in the cracks and crevices 

 of the bark, or other suitable spots, it rests during the winter and pupates 

 in the spring. All " windfalls " should be cleared away as soon as possible, 

 and if not fit for sale should be given to pigs; strips of cloth or sacking 

 should be tied round the trees near the base, and will serve as traps for 

 the larva?; spraying with London Purple or Paris Green will kill the larvae 

 before they bore into the fruit. 



The Magpie Moth {Abraxas grossulariata) appears in July and August, 



and is common everywhere in gardens. It varies in colouring, but the 



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