TREES AND SHRUBS 



ALDER BUCKTHORN, Bhamnus Franguh. 



Woods, thickets, hedges. Prefers clay or damp soil. May — July. 



Flowers greenish-white, all hermaphrodite, protandrous, \ in. diam., in 

 an axillary cyme, two or three in each axil, peduncles longer; Calyx cam- 

 panulate, 5-cleft ; Petals 5 ; Stamens 5 ; Ovary superior, style simple, stigma 

 undivided ; Fruit a drupe with 3 stones, glohose, at first green, then red, 

 finally a dark purple, nearly I in. diam. ; seeds compressed, broadly obovoid. 



Leaves alternate, obovate or elliptical, shortly petiolate, entire, obtuse or 

 acuminate, thin, sometimes downy on under side, veins numerous, diverging 

 equally from midrib ; stipules subulate, minute, caducous. Autumn tints 

 reddish and green. 



A deciduous shrub, 5-10 ft. ; Branches more erect, alternate, slender, 

 without thorns, purplish-brown ; Bark black ; Buds hairy, no scales ; Lcnticcls 

 whitish ; Wood known as Black Dogwood, soft, spongy ; used in manufacture 

 of gunpowder ; heart-ivood yellowish-red, sap-wood light yellow ; Bark yields 

 yellow colouring matter; unripe drupes yield green. 



Native of Britain. Called Black or Berry-bearing Alder. Leaves sometimes 

 attacked by Buckthorn Leaf-spot (Phyllosticta Rhamni). 



NEW JERSEY TEA, Ceanothus americanus. 



Gardens, shrubberies. One of the hardiest of the genus, free flowering, 

 doing well against a wall in a light, well-drained soil. June — August. 



The Ceanothuses are propagated by cuttings in pots of sandy soil in a 

 cold frame or cool greenhouse in October. The readiest way of obtaining 

 strong plants is by layering of shoots in autumn. 



Flozvers white ; Inflorescence an axillary and terminal cymose panicle ; 

 rachis pubescent, elongated, pedicels i_i } n> long; Calyx tube 5-lobed ; 

 Petals 5, claw narrow; Stamens 5, filaments filiform ; Ovary immersed in 

 disk, 3-lobed, style short, 3-cleft ; Fruit dry, 3-lobed, separating into 3 nut- 

 lets, depressed, nearly black, J in. long. 



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