TREES AND SHRUBS 



Leaves alternate, obovate-oblong to oval, unequal at base, acute, coarsely 

 doubly serrate, dark green and glabrous or scabrate above, usually pale and 

 pubescent below, 2-4 ins. long, petioles stout, stipules linear-lanceolate. 

 Autumn tint yellow. 



A deciduous t7-ee, 80-100 ft. ; Branches spreading, not corky ; hranchlets 

 glabrous, destitute of corky wings, reddish-brown to ashy-grey ; Bark fissured, 

 ashy-grey ; Buds ovate, acute, flattened, scales glabrous, brown ; Wood heavy, 

 hard, strong, tough, difficult to split, coarse-grained, light brown ; used for 

 coach-making, turnery, and boat-building. 



Introduced from N. America, 1752. Known as Canada Rock Elm. 



COMMON ELM, Ulmus campestris. 



Woods, fields, hedgerows, gardens. March, April. 



Flowers reddish-brown, in dense clusters, appearing before leaves, anemo- 

 philous, proterogynous, often males only by abortion ; Perianth small, 

 4-8-lobed ; Sta?nens often 4, sometimes 5-8, opposite lobes, anthers rusty ; 

 Ova7-y 1-celled, stigmas 2 ; Friiit a samara, winged all round, obovate, 

 notched ; seeds above centre, rarely ripening. 



Leaves alternate, ovate, variable, unequal at base, narrow, 2J-4 ins. by 

 1-2 ins., serrated, acute, scabrous above, pubescent beneath, or nearly glabrous, 

 hairs with irritating properties, petiole short, stipules caducous. Autumn 

 tint yellow. 



A deciduous tree, 125 ft., shedding leaves very early; usually taller and 

 straighter than U. montana ; Suckers abundant; Bai'k rough, corky, with 

 vertical furrows ; Branches mostly projecting upwards ; Tivigs given off 

 alternately at acute angles, smooth ; Buds smooth, reddish -brown, scales are 

 stipules ; Wood brown, heavy, hard, tough, porous, twisted in grain ; used 

 for piles, pipes, pumps, blocks, ships' keels and planks, carpentry, wright- 

 woi'k, turnery, and cabinet-making. 



Not indigenous in Britain ; the most frequent in fields and hedgerows ; 



lives to about 500-600 years. Also called Small-leaved Elm. 



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