URTICACEiE 



Insects injurious to Elms : — B(vk — Elm Tree Destroyer {Scolytus dest?-ucto?-) ; 

 Foliage — Comma Butterfly {J''a?tessa c-album), Large Tortoise-shell Butterfly 

 {Vanessa jjolychlorus). Mottled Umber {Hybernia defoliaria), March Moth 

 {Anisopteryx cescularia). Tree Lackey {Bomby.v neiistria) ; Wood — AVood 

 Leopard Moth {Zeuzera cescidi). 



Fungoid Pests: — Elm-leaf Phloeospore {F/ileospora Ulmi), Elm-leaf Blotch 

 {Pliyllaclto?-a Ulmi). 



WYCH ELM, Ulmus montana. 



Woods, parks, gardens. Best in good fertile soils and good light. March, 

 April. 



Flowers reddish-brown, appearing before leaves, borne in dense clusters 

 on sides of branches, surrounded by brownish bracts ; Perianth campanulate, 

 4-7-toothed, lobes obtuse; Stamens as many as lobes of perianth, and opposite, 

 anthers purple; Ovary flat, 2-celled, styles 2, diverging; Fruit a thin, flat 

 1 -seeded samara, broadly ovate or orbicular, glabrous, small notch at top ; seed 

 in centre or below, produced after thirty years. 



Leaves alternate, nearly sessile, broadly ovate, doubly and trebly serrated, 

 unequal at base, rough on upper side, downy beneath, 3-G ins. long, 3 ins. diam. 

 Autumn tint golden-yellow. 



A deciduous ti'ee, 80-120 ft. ; Branches long, diverging like letter Y, ascend- 

 ing and pendulous ; Tiags pubescent ; Bark rough, often corky ; Trunk often 

 having excrescences ; Buds brown, with rusty hairs ; Wood hard, straight- 

 grained, flexible when steamed, stands alternate wetting and drying ; inferior to 

 that of Common Elm, and more liable to split ; used in boat-building. 



The common wild Elm of North and West England, Scotland, and Ireland ; 

 rare in South-east England. Known also as Scotch Elm, Mountain Elm, and 

 Broad-leaved Elm. Several varieties in cultivation. Name from A.S. elm, the 

 Elm-tree. 



Ijcaves often rolled, blistered, and thickened by an Aphis {Schizoneura 



Ulmi). 



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