TREES AND SHRUBS 



ciliate ; Females f in. long, scales acute, pilose, green below, red above ; 

 Fniiting cone erect, sessile, pubescent, 1-1 ^ in. long, nut slightly broader 

 than wing. 



Leaves alternate, ovate, cuneate or cordate at base, usually oblique, acute or 

 acuminate, doubly serrated, teeth glandular, pilose, dark green above, yellow- 

 green below, aromatic, 3-4 J ins. long, 1 1-2 ins. wide ; petioles slender, hairy, 

 yellow ; stipules ovate, acute, green tinged with pink. Autumn tint bright 

 yellow. 



A deciduous tree, 70-80 ft. ; Branches spreading, pendulous ; Twigs pilose 

 when young, becoming glabrous, green to orange-brown ; Bark reddish-brown, 

 large thin plates ; on young stems and branches silvery-grey or orange, thin 

 loose scales, aromatic, bitter ; Buds acute, brown, viscid, hairy ; Wood heavy, 

 hard, strong, close-grained, light brown tinged with red, taking fine polish. 



Introduced from N. America, 1767. 



DWARF BIRCH, Bctula nana. 



Mountainous districts, rockeries, and shrubberies. April, IMay. In a wild 

 state it affects wet situations, and will grow well in fairly moist ground. 



Floivers whitish-green ; 3[alc catkins small, i in. long, sessile ; 31ales erect, 

 lateral, axillary, oblong or shortly cylindrical ; Females terminal, very small, 

 bracts 3-lobed, 3-flowered ; Fruit a samara, narrowly winged, bracts broadly 

 obcuneate, 3-lobed. 



Leaves orbicular, very shortly petiolate, crenated, smooth, dark green, 

 reticulate, J in. long ; stipules lanceolate, brown. 



A deciduous shrub, 2-5 ft. ; sometimes up to 20 ft. ; Stem creeping ; 

 Branches numerous, slightly downy when young ; Bark reddish when young, 

 silvery when old. 



Native of Britain ; confined to mountains of Northumberland and Scotland. 

 Also called Marsh Eirch. 



152 



