TREES AND SHRUBS 



glandular on lower surface, dark green above, light yellow-green below, 2-3 ins. 

 long, l|-2 ins. wide ; petioles yellow, glandular, glabrous or pubescent ; stipules 

 ovate, acute, ciliate. Autumn tint light yellow. 



A deciduous tree, 60-70 ft. ; Branches short, pendulous ; Tivigs viscid and 

 pubescent when young, orange-brown ; Bark brown or nearly black, separating 

 into thin layers ; on young trunks and branches creamy-white to brown, orange 

 on inner surface, thin papery layers ; Buds ovate, acute, resinous, pubescent to 

 glabrous ; Wood light, strong, hard, tough, close-grained, light brown tinged red ; 

 used in turnery ; Bark used for Indian canoes. 



Native of North America. Known also as Paper Birch. Said to have been 

 introduced by the Duke of Argyll, 1750. 



NEAPOLITAN ALDER, Ahms cordi 



Parks. March, April. Thrives in dry soil, but also very suitable for plant- 

 ing by water or in damp situations. The species are propagated by suckers in 

 November ; seeds sown in damp soil in INIarch, transplanting the seedlings when 

 one year old. 



Flowers greenish-brown, appearing before leaves ; Fruit a small woody cone. 



Leaves alternate, cordate, acuminate, serrated, glabrous, dark glossy green. 



A deciduous tree, 15-50 ft. ; round-headed, pyramidal, growth rapid ; Bark 

 light-coloured. 



Introduced from S. Europe, 1820. 



ALDER, Alnus glutinosa. 



Wet woods, borders of streams, wet pastures. March, April. Best in good 

 soil little above level of water ; useful for the sides of ponds or streams. 



Floivers greenish, moncccious, appearing before leaves fully out ; 3IaJe 



catkins autumnal, lasting through winter, opening in spring, cylindrical, 



drooping, 2-4 ins. long, peltate reddish bracts 3-flowered, perianth 4-cleft ; 



Stamens 4 to 6 each flower ; Female catkins in spring, short, ovoid, closely 



154 



