CUPULIFER^ 



base, serrated, margins slightly thickened and reflexed, tomentose when young, 

 dark green and glandular above, paler and puberulous beneath, 2-3 ins. long, 

 1^-2 ins. broad ; petioles slender, hairy, flattened and grooved ; stipules ovate, 

 acute, scarious, puberulous. 



A deciduous tree, 20 ft. ; Branches slender, pendulous at extremities ; Tivigs 

 pubescent when young, becoming dark orange-red and glabrous ; Buds dark red, 

 pale scurfy pubescence ; Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, close-grained, 

 light brown. 



Native of N. America. 



HORNBEAM, Carpinus Betulus. 



Woods and hedges. May. Best on strong porous soil; grows well in 

 partial light ; makes a good hedge. Propagated by seeds sown in ordinary soil 

 outdoors in autumn, transplanting when one year old. 



Flozvers yellowish, monoecious, anemophilous, appearing as leaves come out ; 

 Male catkins sessile, pendulous, 1| in. long, bracts ovate, acute, imbricate, 

 ciliated, each containing 5-14 stamens, forked anthers with tufts of hairs ; 

 Female catkins 2-4 ins. long, lax, terminal, cylindrical, flowers in pairs, each in a 

 3-lobed bracteole, entire or toothed; Ovary 2-celled, stigmas 2, styles long; 

 Fruit a small ovoid, brown nut, 7-11 -nerved, within a large leafy 3-lobed, entire 

 or serrated bracteole, 1-1| in. long, catkins several inches long, ripe in 

 October — November. 



Leaves alternate, elliptical-ovate, acute or acuminate, doubly serrated, shortly 

 petiolate, pubescent beneath, 2-3 ins. long, stipules large, linear-oblong, 

 withered leaves persistent through winter. 



A deciduous tree, 30-70 ft.; Trunk usually flattened; Branches twiggy; 

 Bark smooth, light grey ; Buds short, adpressed, scales brown, ciHate, pubescent 

 at tips ; Wood yellowish-white, hard, tough, close-grained, strong, light, flexible ; 

 used for cogs, agricultural tools and implements, parts of pianos, also for gun- 

 powder charcoal. 



Native of England and Wales. 



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