CONIFERS 



Leaves in opposite pairs, scale-like, imbricated, oval, acute, keeled, or 

 subulate and minute, disagreeable odour, bitter to taste. 

 An evergreen shrub, 6-8 ft. ; Branches trailing. 

 Native of S. Europe; introduced 1548. 



RED CEDAR, Junipertis virginiana. 



Parks, gardens. April. The largest of the .Junipers grown in this country. 



Flowers dioecious, or rarely monoecious, in minute axillary cones ; 31ales 

 solitary, oblong-ovate, stamens 10-12, each with 4-6 anther cells; Females 

 ovoid, seminiferous scales violet, acute, spreading, 1-2 ovules, bract scales 2-6 ; 

 Fruit a cone, baccate, sub-globose, \-}^ in. diam., greyish-brown, glaucous 

 bloom, sweet, resinous, usually 1-2 seeds. 



Leaves in opposite pairs, united at bases, usually subulate and spreading in 

 young plants, minute, scale-like, closely imbricated, glandular or eglandular at 

 back, usually acute or acuminate, ^jr in. long, dark blue-green or glaucous, 

 persistent for several years, on young plants and branches J-f in. long, linear- 

 lanceolate. 



An evergreen shrub or tree, 30-50 ft. ; usually somewhat pyramidal outline ; 

 Branches at first erect, ultimately decumbent ; braiichlets numerous, crowded, 

 4-angled ; Trunk erect, varying shades of brown and red, scaly ; Wood bright 

 red, close, firm, easily splitting, aromatic ; much used for cedar pencils. 



Native of N. America, West Indies, and Japan, reaching 60-90 ft. in U.S.A. ; 

 introduced 1664. Known as V^irginian .Juniper. 



COMMON JUNIPER, Juniperus communis. 



Downs, and rather dry, barren hills. May. ^'ery variable as regards height, 

 shape, and foliage. 



Floivers dioecious ; Male flowers axillary, solitary or crowded ; Stamens 

 numerous, about 15, anthers 3-6-celled, pollen pale yellow ; Females in axils, 3-6 

 scales, fleshy, 1-2 ovules under each, several empty scaler at base; Fruit a cone 



VOL. II. 201 . ,,r ^^ s 



