CONIFER.^ 



channelled on tlie other, sharp-pointed, ricli, dark glossy brownish-green, 2|-5 

 ins. long, toothed margins, sheaths persistent. 



An evergreen tree, 60-80 ft. ; somewhat pyramidal ; Branches long, stout, 

 lower ones horizontal or slightly pendulous ; Bark dark, coarse ; Buds light 

 grey ; IVood coarse-grained, very resinous, knotty, durable. 



Native of Austria; introduced by Messrs. Lawson, 1835. A variety of 

 the Corsican or Larch Pine {Phms Laricio). Sometimes called the Black Pine. 



Bark and shoots attacked by Pine Beetle {Hylesinus piniperda). 



CLUSTER PINE, Piuus Pinaster. 



Parks, gardens. April, May. Grows well near the sea, and will grow 

 on shingly gravel inland. 



Flowers monoecious ; 3Iales crowded, ovoid, % in. long ; Stamens golden- 

 yellow, much rounded, irregularly toothed anther processes; Females small, 

 lateral, in pseudo whorls of 4-8 at tips of shoots, red-violet, seminiferous scales 

 slightly longer than bracts; Fruit a cone, nearly sessile in lateral clusters of 

 2-4, or whorls of .5-8, cylindric-ovoid, tapering at apex, base oblique, purplish to 

 green to shining yellowish-brown, 4-6 ins. long, 1\ ins. diam. at broadest part, 

 bosses prominent, scales pyramidal, 1-1] in. long, f in. broad, umbo ash- 

 grey, ending in sharp spine ; seeds oblong, wings \\ in. long, nearly 1 in. broad. 



Leaves in twos, stiff, broad, fleshy, acute, slightly serrated, dark green, white 

 lines beneath, 6-12 ins. long, sheaths J in. long, pale yellow, turning nearly black. 



An evergreen tree, 60-80 ft. ; round-headed ; Stem with tendency to grow 

 crooked; Branches slender, in whorls, turning upwards at extremities; Bark 

 purplish, deeply fissured, plates 4-6 ins, long, 2 ins. wide ; Buds whitish-brown, 

 woolly, non-resinous, \ in. long ; Wood soft, reddish, not very durable ; used 

 in Naval work and carpentry. 



Native of S. Europe; introduced about 159G. Called Cluster Pine from 



whorled clusters of cones. Specific name of Pin-aster or Star Pine said to 



have been given for same reason. Known in France as Maritime Pine, from 



extensive planting on coast. 



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