CONIFER.^ 



An evergreen tree, 100-150 ft., with tendency to twist ; Bark light yellowish- 

 brown (cork colour), large plates, 4-8 ins. broad, flat, smooth ; Branches few, 

 stout, in regular whorls, drooping when old ; smaller branches widely spreading 

 or somewhat drooping, marked with scales of fallen leaves ; young trees of 

 rapid growth ; Buds bluntly domed, prominent point, very resinous, Ijrown ; 

 Wood highly resinous, heavy, brittle, close-grained, said to sink in water. 



Native of N. America, where it reaches 100-250 ft. ; introduced by Douglas 

 from California, 1827. 



SCOTS PINE, Pinus sijlvestris. 



Parks, gardens, plantations. INIay, June. Best in peaty soils. 



Flowers moncecious ; Males in spikes, \ in. long, ovoid, shortly stalked, 

 at base of young shoots, pollen pale yellow ; Females egg-shaped, \ in. long, 

 reddish, tapering, at first erect and stalkless, usually 2-3, scales few ; Fruit a 

 cone, solitary, or 2-3 together, 2 ins. long, ovoid, conical, acute, recurved when 

 young, shortly stalked, scales few, ends thickened into a quadrangular boss, 

 small shield with deciduous poizit, persistent, ripe in about 18 months ; seeds \ in. 

 long, wing cuneate, 2-3 times as long as seed, scales disarticulating from axis 

 of cone. 



Leaves in pairs, dense, 2-3 ins. long, shorter on old trees, acicular, acute, 

 grooved above, convex beneath, glaucous in first year, dark green in second, 

 shed in third, sheaths small, fimbriate, persistent, nearly black. 



An evergreen tree, 50-100 ft. ; Hat topped, rapid in growth ; Branches short, 

 spreading, lower soon dying; Bark rough, red-brown, scaling; Wood in this 

 country not very dural)le, red or white ; tree yields pitch, tar, resin, turpentine. 



Naturalised all over Britain, indigenous in Scotland. Often called Scots Fir. 

 Name Pine from A.S. pin-treo, a Pine-tree ; L. pinus, a pine. 



Bark and leading shoots attacked by Pine Beetle {Hjileshms piniperda), 



shoots by species of Pine Shoot Moths {Retinia), which live in terminal buds and 



in resinous exudations from young branches ; Foliage — Pine Beauty {Panolis 



piniperda). Pine Saw-fly {Lophyrus pini). 



Fungoid Pest: — Pine Cluster Cups {Peridermium Pini). ^^""^ '^■^^^ 



235 ^ i'HH 'l 



