CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES 255 



in the West, the proportion to 1,000 negroes being in 1910, 252 in 

 the South, 363 in the North and 473 in the West. They are also 

 more common in urban than in rural communities. The decreas- 

 ing proportion of mulattoes in the North and West which has 

 occurred recently is probably due to the migration of negroes from 

 the South. The urban negroes are often found in the slums or 

 living in close association with the "tenderloin" districts where 

 they mix with the lower elements of the white race and especially 

 with those of foreign extraction whose antipathy to persons of 

 color is not so strong as it is in the native American. 



There has been considerable complaint in the South over the 

 amount of miscegenation that is still going on. It is not rare 

 for white men to support a colored mistress, and temporary 

 associations between the races are naturally much more frequent. 

 It is very difficult to ascertain to how great an extent the increase 

 in the number of mulattoes is due to irregular connections be- 

 tween the races. We know Httle of the actual birth rate of 

 mulattoes as distinguished from that of the pure negroes. And 

 consequently we can draw no conclusion as to the natural fecun- 

 dity of the products of negro-white crosses. 



That the mulattoes in Jamaica do not perpetuate themselves 

 has been asserted by Elwick, and a similar statement has been 

 made by Dr. Ivan for those of Java. If these statements are 

 true — and they are difficult to verify, — the reason may well be 

 other than the reduction of natural fecundity. The Rehboter 

 hybrids studied by Fisher show a high fecundity. Their stock 

 resulted from the unions of Hottentot women and a small band of 

 Dutch, Germans and other Europeans, 27 in all, reinforced later 

 by a few other Europeans who also married Hottentot women or 

 women of mixed origin. The average number of children born to 

 the parents of hybrid origin was 7.7. The death rate was low, 

 and the stock was physically well developed. In this isolated 

 community freed from the vicious environment under which 

 race crossing so commonly occurs, the union of two distinct races 

 produced a healthy and rap'dly increasing stock. 



The Anglo-Polynesian hybrids on Pitcairn and Norfolk Islands 



