ROBERT POCOCK. 241 



which was let out, the profits going to the parochial 

 revenue, as seen in many of our churchwardens' books), 

 but, to make the beef more tender, prior to the death 

 of the animal permission was given to bait it with 

 dogs, a sport which afforded the vulgar a treat, but 

 which is now looked on as a cruel pastime, and seldom 

 resorted to by the more refined. Queen Elizabeth 

 seldom had a meal without red herrings and salt fish. 



" If we add more to the deficiencies in the reign of 

 this female monarch, we shall say, 



" No gas to light our palaces, streets, or houses. 



" No telegraph (which was invented by Claude 

 Chappe, a Frenchman, who died in 1805). 



"No telescopes (they being invented, in 1590, by 

 Jansen, a Dutchman). 



"No observations for navigators (Jupiter's moons 

 being not discovered till 1610). 



" No spring pocket watches (they being invented by 

 Dr. Hook in 1658). 



" No tea from China, nor fine China pottery ware. 



" No coaches to ride in, they only coming into fashion 

 in 1588. 



te No coffee, it not arriving in England till 1652. 



" No mustard. 



" No porter ; no carp fish. 



* For hops, pickerel, carp, and beer 

 Came to England all in one year.' 



" No umbrella to screen the face from the rain or 

 sun ; a large cloak with a hood was the only covering 

 to protect the head. 



" No daily post to communicate at a distance. 



" No surgeon in the land with skill enough to ampu- 

 tate a limb, 



