them will be careless, fail to tramp the soil around the roots, 

 and unless a timely and heavy rain should cause the soil to 

 settle, the vines will dry out and die. 



CARE AND PRUNING THE VINE 



Specific rules for cultivation and irrigation cannot be laid 

 down, for this work is dependent on soil conditions, water, 

 rainfall, etc. It goes without saying that thorough culti- 

 vation and careful attention to keep the vines in an active 

 state of growth during the growing season will be amply 

 repaid when the vineyard reaches its bearing age. Far 

 better for the vines if they do not produce any grapes until 

 they reach the third year. 



Crowned to 



the proper 



height in the 



second year. 



Trained to a single cane, 

 the first year planting, 

 and cut back 12 inches. ' 



The training of the vine should be given careful attention 

 the first year of its growth. In order that the plant may not 

 form a head close to the top of the ground a short stake 

 allowing it to be a foot above the ground should be driven 

 beside each vine. These stakes should be aboul one and 

 one-half inches square and two feet long. In July, before 

 the growth of the canes has become lignified, they should 

 be tied with three or four ply baling rope to the stake, and 

 about one-third of the top growth cut off. This shortening 

 in of the canes causes them to become stocky, and as a result 

 of the tying up there are a number of straight shoots, the 

 strongest of which may be selected the following winter, 



This three-year-old is 



not only self- 

 supporting, but it also 

 has a fine crown with 



four healthy 



branches and spurs. 



An ideal vine. 



35 



