should be spaded thorouigMy, ani if any well rotted man- 

 ure is available, it shoalu tf W>T ked into the soil. Dig 

 the hole large enough to receive the roots. Prune the top, 

 cutting back the branches at least; two-thirds and thin out 

 more than three to Torm the head-.' The.' roots should also 

 be cut back one-half, and ft) I . brr'isecl ro^ts removed. After 

 planting settle the soil around the plant by watering freely. 



PRUNING 



No definite rule can be laid down for pruning roses 

 except that Tea,s and their allied families do not require 

 as severe pruning os the Hybrid Perpetuals and others 

 of equally as vigorous growth. There is one fast rule, 

 however, on the Pacific Coast and that is never to allow 

 roses to go unpruned. The best time is from December 

 15 to March 1. The first winter after planting, thin to 

 three main shoots and cut these back at least two-thirds. 

 In after years with the frame work branches established, 

 the laterals should be thinned out to prevent overcrowd- 

 ing, and those allowed to remain should be cut to spurs 

 of about four buds each. If this method is followed regu- 

 larly each season, a properly pruned plant will have the 

 shape of a deer's antlers. With climbers the frame work 

 branches should be trained up against the wall in the shape 

 of a fan, not leaving more than three to four and these 

 should be cut back severely the first two seasons to pro- 

 mote vigor and sturdiness of growth. In after years 

 shorten in the laterals and thin out sufficiently to prevent 

 overcrowding, otherwise the plant will be a mass of dead 

 wood and twisted branches and its vigor will become seri- 

 ously impaired. 



When the roses ha've stopped blooming in the early 

 summer, the faded buds should be cut and the plants 

 should be given a light pruning, or more correctly a pinch- 

 ing back, which will have the effect of making them respond 

 with a bounteous bloom in the summer and fall. 



STANDARD ROSES 



Commonly known as Tree Roses, are budded on a vig- 

 orous Manetti rose stock 3 feet from the ground. They 

 are very effective and if the head is shortened in and 

 thinned out the plant becomes, very symmetrical and re- 

 sponds with a wealth of bloom which is surprising. The 

 first two seasons, wrap the stem with paper or burlap to 

 prevent the sunburn and cut away all suckers appearing be- 

 low the crown. DIS TANCE TO PLANT 



Set bush roses 2 to 2y 2 feet apart; standards 4 to 6 feet 

 apart; for hedge purposes 2 feet apart except the Poly- 

 antha types which are more dwarf in their habits and per- 

 mit of being more closely planted. 



STREET AND AVENUE TREES. 



Owing to the harsh conditions to which street and avenue, 

 road and other public trees are often subjected, the matter 

 calls for special treatment and careful consideration of varie- 

 ties for prevailing conditions and environment. In a brief 

 treatise like this, reference to the subject must necessarily 

 be short and possibly in some instances rather incomplete. 

 One of the greatest mistakes in the planting of streets in 

 cities and towns on the part of the residents, is the inclina- 

 tion for them to be guided entirely by their own views as to 

 what is to be planted, resulting in the streets having a 

 hodge-podge appearance which, to say the least, never im- 

 proves, but on the contrary, the older the tree gets, the more 

 ragged they become and more unattractive is the street. 



A well pruned rose 

 bush with its bran- 

 ches properly dis- 

 tributed to promote 

 not only a vigorous 

 development, but a 

 profusion of flowers 

 during the season. 



47 



