button, a piece of colored cloth can be tied into 

 the wire at the proper distances apart for the 

 markers. It is important to stretch the wire well 

 before putting on the markers otherwise it will 

 vary more or less while being stretched in the 

 field and the stakes for the base lines wil be out 

 of line. 



Before proceeding with the laying out of the ground, 

 set stakes 24 feet apart along one of the base lines. 

 Having set the stakes along the outside line, start at the 

 same end of the field again and set another line of stakes, 

 parallel with the first line and the length of the chain dis- 

 tant from it. Follow out this method until the entire field Is 

 laid out in checks. With the check lines established, it is 

 only" necessary now to set stakes at the 24-foot marks on 

 the wire where the trees are to be planted. 



Distance 



Equilateral 

 Square Trian. 



Method 



1 ft. apart each way 43,560 



Method 

 50,300 

 12,575 

 5,889 

 3,143 

 2,011 

 1,397 

 1,025 

 785 

 620 

 502 

 348 

 256 

 222 

 196 

 154 

 125 



2 10,890 



3 4,840 



4 2,722 



5 1,742 



6 1,210 



7 888 



8 680 



9 537 



10 435 



12 302 



14 222 



15 193 



16 170 



18 134 



20 108 



25 69 79 



30 48 55 



85 35 40 



40 27 31 



Square Method Multiply the distance in feet 

 between the rows by the distance the plants are 

 apart in the rows, and the product will be the 

 number of square feet for each plant or hill; 

 which, divided into the number of feet In an 

 acre (43,560) will give the number of plants or 

 trees to an acre 



Equilateral Triangle Method Divide the num- 

 ber required to the acre "square method" by 

 the decimal .866. The result will be the number 

 of plants required to the acre by this method. 



No. of Trees 

 or Plants 



on 



an Acre of 

 Ground 



EQUILATERAL TRIANGULAR OR HEXAGONAL METHOD 



By this method of planting all the trees are equally distant 

 from each other and the ground is equally divided in all 

 directions. The arrangement admits fifteen per cent more 

 trees to the acre than the setting in squares and the ground 

 can be worked in three different directions. Objections are 

 urged to it, however, in that it does not admit of thinning 

 trees by removal of alternate rows, as is sometimes desirable, 

 and that one has to take a zigzag course in driving through 

 the orchard. 



In planting tracts of any size we do not recommend it. 

 The system should be confined to planting small parcels of 

 land where it is necessary to use every foot of available 

 space. 



BRINGING AN ORCHARD OR VINEYARD INTO BEARING 



Fruit growing is a business pure and simple and in Its 

 successful operation is quite as apt to call forth the best 

 energies of brain and brawn of those who are in the busi- 

 ness, as in any other line of commercial activity. Just in 

 the proportion that the orchard receives intensive and intelli- 

 gent care, will it give corresponding returns for the invest- 

 ment of capital, time and labor. Above all things, do not 

 plant too many varieties if you desire to be a factor among 

 the commercial fruit growers. As an illustration, it is a mis- 

 take to have a different variety on each acre for when this or- 

 chard comes into bearing there are so many varieties and 

 so limited a quantity of each, that the commercial packer 

 of dried or canned fruits does not feel inclined to pay what 

 the fruit is worth, because there is not enough of any one 

 kind to make it an object for him to handle it. 



Growers in new localities are often concerned over the 

 fact that there will be no outlet for the product. The hand- 

 ling and marketing of fruit has assumed such vast propor- 

 tions that there are always commercial institutions eager 

 enough to enter a new field, and exploit it as soon as the 



