of one end in whitewash, as they can then be readily seen, 

 and should any of the stakes be out of line it will be noticed 

 at once. Before digging the holes it is necessary to have 

 a tree setting board. This is easily made out of a piece 

 of 1x4-4 feet long with an inch hole at each end and a 

 notch in the center. Place the notched center against the 

 stake where the tree is to be planted and push a stake into 

 the ground through the holes at each end of the planter and 

 remove the center stake. The hole may now be dug and 

 this should not be less than 18 inches in diameter and 18 

 inches deep. After the hole is dug, replace the board over 

 the end stakes in its former position, then plant the tree 

 with the trunk resting against the center notch in the board 

 and it will be in identically the same place as the stake 

 which was removed to dig the hole. 



BLASTING THE HOLES 



Much interest has been manifested of late years in dyna- 

 miting the holes prior to the planting of the trees. It is 

 absolutely necessary to do this in hardpan soils in order to 

 plant trees at all. On the Roeding place, we have a ten- 

 acre tract in our 200-acre Calimyrna fig orchard in which 

 the hardpan varied in depth from 6 inches to 2 feet from 

 the surface. The trees in this orchard are now 12 years 

 old. They have made a remarkably fine growth and have 

 by far outstripped the trees in another part of the orchard 

 growing on a sandy, loam soil. 



It has been the practice not to blast where the hardpan 

 came within 3 feet of the surface, but actual experience 

 has demonstrated that not only striking and remarkable 

 development in the growth of trees had been secured by 

 blasting where hardpan was found, but in any soil of a 

 heavy, compact nature. It does not take much of a stretch 

 of the imagination to comprehend the fact that a thorough 

 disintegration of the soil, permitting the roots to ramify in 

 every direction, will promote a rapid root and top growth. 



A little booklet giving detailed information how to do it, 

 will be mailed free on application. 



L. 



L- ..U 



Ju 







C. 



a 



3L %, 



Trees Planted on the 

 Square System. 



This method is 



largely 



practiced 



on the Pacific Coast 



METHODS OF PLANTING 

 SQUARE METHOD 



Having the corners fixed, the next necessary step is to 

 lay off the ground. In order to fully understand the matter, 

 we will suppose the trees are to be planted 24 feet apart. 

 To set stakes for ten trees for each stretch of the wire it 

 will be necessary to have the wire 240 feet long 

 with a short 2 foot link at each end for a 3 inch 

 iron ring, through which the iron pegs are 

 pushed into the ground after it is drawn taut, 

 to hold it in place. Use a number 19 galvanized 

 clothesline wire and at each 24 foot point, have 

 a small button soldered into place. By opening 

 up the strands, if it is not practical to put on a 



