THE KINGDOM OF MAN 



his mature offspring which natural selection had already 

 favoured and established among the mammals into a 

 conscious and larger love for his tribe, his race, his 

 nationality, and his kind. He has developed speech, 

 the power of communicating, and, above all, of record- 

 ing from generation to generation his thought and know- 

 ledge. He has formed communities, built cities, and set 

 up empires ; and at every step of his progress man has 

 receded farther and farther from the ancient rule exer- 

 cised by nature over the lower animals."" 



Whence comes this power ? When and how did it 

 arrive ? That we do not know. For the early beginnings 

 of man we can only grope among the relics of his progress 

 which he has left for the speculation of his more in- 

 telligent descendants, in the shape of the rude imple- 

 ments and dwellings which he used in the childhood of 

 the race. 



From time to time actual remains of early man are 

 found buried among the uppermost strata, and from them 

 we can make some guesses at his age. Virtually three links 

 have been found in the chain of human ancestry. The 

 earliest is represented by the "Trinil Man" of Java, found 

 by Dubois in 1890, and named the Pithecanthropes erectus, 

 in reference to its likeness both to man as we know him 

 and to the great anthropoid apes, although it had a much 

 more erect carriage than any of them. This relic, man 

 or some other creature as it may have been, stands midway 

 between the chimpanzee and the more typical " Nean- 

 darthal Man," the skull of which was found in a cave of 

 the Neander Valley, near Dusseldorf, in 1856. Thirty 



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