THE KINGDOM OF MAN 



movements. These were complicated by reverse move- 

 ments, by cross migrations, and by wanderings, which 

 we shall probably never altogether understand ; and 

 so we can only sum up briefly the chief features of 

 them. 



The greatest movement appears to have been north- 

 eastward between the great desert and mountain tract of 

 Central Asia on the one hand, and the Pacific on the 

 other, attended by divergences eastward to many islands 

 (as they are now) of the Pacific. When the emigrants 

 got too far north to wish to explore further, they spread 

 out to east and west, forming a belt below the Arctic 

 regions and sending a branch down the whole length of the 

 American Continent. This movement embraced the Mon- 

 goloid races, and included the old American Indians and 

 the Malayan races. Before the disturbing influences of 

 man's later development, this branch had three notable 

 centres of civilisation : the Chinese in Asia, the Mexi- 

 can in North America, and the Peruvian in South 

 America. 



A second and much less numerous band of emigrants 

 struck out to the south-east, and reaching the southern 

 hemisphere gave rise to the Australian and New Zealand 

 aboriginal races all peoples who never rose very much 

 or developed notable power. 



To a third movement to the south-west is assigned the 

 peopling of Africa south of the Sahara with the negro 

 and similar races, which have become very numerous but 

 never very powerful or intelligent. 



The fourth movement was north-westward across or 

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