THE AUTUMNAL ROSE GARDEN. 159 



One most essential rule must be observed in all 

 moist soils and situations; when grown on their 

 own roots they must have a raised border in some 

 warm and sheltered place. This may be made with 

 flints or pieces of rock in the shape of a detached 

 rock border, or a four-inch cemented brick wall, 

 one foot or eighteen inches high, may be built on 

 the southern front of a wall, thick hedge, or 

 wooden fence, at a distance so as to allow the 

 border to be two feet wide; the earth of this 

 border must be removed to eighteen inches in 

 depth, nine inches filled up with pieces of bricks, 

 tiles, stones, or lime rubbish; on this place a 

 layer of compost, half loam or garden mould, and 

 half rotten dung well mixed, to which add some 

 river or white pit-sand : this layer of mould ought 

 to be a foot thick or more, so as to aUow for its 

 settling: the plants may be planted about two 

 feet apart. In severe frosty weather, in the dead 

 of winter, (you need not begin till December,) 

 protect them with green furze or whin branches, 

 or any kind of light spray that will admit the air 

 and yet keep off the violence of severe frost. I 

 have found the branches of furze the best of all 

 protectors. With this treatment they will seldom 

 receive any injury from our severest winters, and 

 they will bloom in great perfection all summer. 

 This is the culture they require if grown as low 

 dwarfs on their own roots ; but perhaps the most 

 eligible mode for the amateur is to grow them 



