132 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 



firm in the soil, leaving about an inch of the top 

 above ground, with one or two leaves thereon ; give 

 them a sprinkling of water every evening for a few 

 weeks, when they will be rooted, and may then be left 

 to take their chance ; if put in in June they will form 

 strong plants before winter; but where they are only 

 required to a limited extent, layering will be found 

 the safest method, and will always produce a good 

 strong plant. For this purpose, select a shoot in 

 August, about a foot long ; cut and place it into 

 the ground as directed for layering in a former part 

 of this work. When fully rooted, about the end of 

 October, they can be cut off and put away into 

 winter quarters, either by the heels in a frame, or 

 planted into pots. They must be shaded from the 

 sun for a few days after removal, and will be 

 greatly strengthened by' having their tops cut off, 

 only leaving one, or at most two, branches, six to 

 eight inches long. Those of robust habit do not 

 make handsome standards ; they shoot away into 

 irregular forms, and require to be repeatedly trim- 

 med into shape during the growing season. Sum- 

 mer pruning has been strongly urged upon the hor- 

 ticulturist by many writers in Europe, where they 

 have a cool humid climate to operate in ; but in 

 this country, where growth is so rapid, it requires 

 all the foliage a plant produces to convey to the 

 roots the nourishment (carbonic acid) it derives 



