FLOWER GAEDENING 119 



cuttings. They are also budded, in which case the 

 hardy wild varieties are used for stock. Many 

 kinds are tender, and will not stand freezing, 

 while others are quite hardy, even under trying 

 conditions. Only the hardy and half-hardy sorts 

 are considered here. In bush or shrub roses there 

 are the Hardy Hybrid Perpetual, and the Half- , 

 hardy Hybrid Teas. Additional classification' 1 

 serves only to confuse the amateur. Hybrid Per- 

 petuals are hardy under all ordinary circum- 

 stances. They are "perpetual" in the sense of 

 continuing to bloom more or less constantly from 

 June until frost. As a rule they are not as 

 fragrant as the Teas or the Hybrid Teas. 



Eoses require a rich deep soil. Clay seems to 

 suit them best. As roses are to remain per- 

 manently where they are first set, the soil should 

 receive extra attention. 



Plants grown from cuttings, that is, plants on 

 their own roots, are preferred to budded stock, 

 for even if winterkilled to the ground, the former 

 will throw up strong shoots which will produce 

 blooms of the same kind. Whereas, if budded 

 stock is so injured, the shoots will likely be from 

 wild stock, and the flowers will be disappointing. 

 This is true of all classes of roses. It is therefore 

 best to avoid all budded stock. To some degree 

 this trouble in budded stock may be avoided by 

 deep planting ; also by hilling up with soil around 

 the plants late in autumn. The hilling up with 

 soil is very beneficial in many ways, and should 

 never be neglected. 



In early spring spray your roses thoroughly 

 with standard lime-sulphur solution, diluted 



