ANIMAL SAGACITY. 241 



wood-louse, do it on certain emergencies, and pro- 

 bably many other animals. 



Another instance of sense, for it must not be 

 called reason, was evinced by a Newfoundland 

 dog. His master was staying at Worthing, where 

 his dog was teased and annoyed by a small 

 cur which snapped and barked at him. When 

 this had been repeated sometime, the Newfound- 

 land dog appeared to lose his usual patience and 

 forbearance, and he one day in the presence of se- 

 veral spectators, took the cur up by its back, swam 

 with it into the sea, held it under the water, and 

 would probably have drowned it, had not a boat 

 put off and rescued it. This affords another proof 

 of an animal impulse beyond mere instinct. 



Dr. Hastings mentioned some further instances 

 of animal sagacity, and remarked in doing so that 

 although no animal is endowed with mental powers 

 equal to those which the human race possess, yet 

 there is not a faculty of the human mind, of which 

 some evident proofs of its existence may not be 

 found in particular animals. Thus we find them 

 possessed with memory, imagination, the powers of 

 imitation, curiosity, cunning, ingenuity, gratitude, 

 devotion, or affection for their superiors, and other 

 qualities. They are architects; and they dig, wage 

 war, extract various substances from plants, and 

 from the earth and water. They are able to com- 

 municate their wants, their pleasures, and their 



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