118 SPRINGS, KIVERS, CANALS, LAKES, 



the day, but the sky had been more than usually serene, and with- 

 out a cloud : not a breath of air was then stirring. I first tried the 

 \vater with my hand ; it felt warm, and even the rock near and 

 above the surface of the water was sensibly affected by heat. I 

 then had recourse to my thermometer; it was graduated according 

 to the scale of Celsius; but I shall give the result according to the 

 corresponding elevation of Fahrenheit ; being more adapted to com- 

 mon observation in England When exposed } o the external air 

 the mercury stood at 48 J ; or sixteen degrees above the freezing 

 point. I then placed it in one of the crevices whence the water 

 issued, so as to immerse both the tube and scale : in two minutes, 

 the mercury rose to 62, and there remained. I then tried the 

 same experiment in all the other crevices, and found the heat of the 

 \vate. ne, although the temperature of the external air was 



lowered to 47. Fram thence I proceeded to the hot spring of 

 M. Chevalier; and couict not avoid being struck by the plausible 

 ce it offered, for th >-e who wished. to find here a hot 

 ana cold *prin, as fountains of the Scamander. It gushes perpen- 

 dicularly out of the earth, rising from the bottom of a marble and 

 granite reservoir, and throwing up as much water us the famous 

 fountain of Lioiywcll in Flintshire. Its surface seems vehemently 

 boiling; and during cold weather, the condensed vapour above it 

 causes the appearance of a cloud of smoke over the well. The 

 marble and granite slabs around it are of great antiquity; and its 

 appearance in the midst of surrounding trees, is highly picturesque. 

 The mercury had now fallen, in the external air, to 46, the sun 

 being down ; but when the thermometer was held under water, it 

 arose as before, to 62. Notwithstanding the warmth of tins- 

 spring, fishes were seen sporting in the reservoir. When held in 

 the stream of either of the two channels whii-li conduct the product 

 of these springs into a marsh below, the temperature of the water 

 diminished, in proportion to its distance from the source whence it 

 flowed. I repeated similar observations afterwards, both at mid- 

 night, and in the morning btfore sun-rise ; but always with the 

 same results. Hence it is proved, that the fountains of Bonarbashy 

 are warm springs ; of which there are many, of different degrees of 

 temperature in all the district through which the Mender flows, 

 from Ida to the Hellespont. That the two channels which convey 



