ON SIPHONS AND JETS OP WATEK. 40,3 



diameter was then bored -about 13 yards below the bottom of the 

 well, till some sand was brought up by the auger. A wooden pipe* 

 which was previously cut in a conical form at one end, and armed 

 with an iron ring at the other, was driven into the top of this hole, 

 and stood up about two yards from the bottom of the well, and 

 being surrounded with well-rammed clay, the new water ascended 

 in a small stream through the wooden pipe. Our next operation 

 was to build a wall of clay against the morassy sides of the well, 

 with a wall of well-bricks internally, up to the top of it. This 

 completely stopped out every drop of the old water j and, on tak- 

 ing out the plug which had been put in the wooden pipe, the new 

 water in two or three da^s rose up to the top, and flowed over the 

 edges of the well. 



" Afterwards, to gratify my curiosity in seeing how high the neir 

 spring would rise, and for the agreeable purpose of procuring the 

 water at all times quite cold and fresh, I directed a pipe of lead, 

 about eight yards long, and f of an inch diameter, to be introduced 

 through the wooden pipe described above, into the stratum of marl 

 at the bottom of the well, so as to stand about three feet above 

 the surface of the ground. Near the bottom of this leaden pipe 

 was sewed, between two leaden rings or flanches, an inverted cone 

 of stiff leather, into which some wool was stuffed to stretch it out, 

 so that, after having passed through the wooden pipe, itjmight com- 

 pletely fill up the perforation of the clay. Another leaden ring or 

 flanch was soldered round the leaden pipe, about two yards belovc 

 the surface of the ground, which, with some doubles of flannel placed 

 under it, was nailed on the top of the wooden pipe, by which mean* 

 the water was perfectly precluded from rising between the wooden 

 and the leaden pipes. 



" This being accomplished, the bottom of the well remained quite 

 dry, and the new water quickly rose about a foot above the top of 

 the well in the leaden pipe: and, on bending the mouth of this pipe 

 to the level of the surface of the ground, abtut two hogsheads of water 

 flowed f re m it in twenty-four hoars, which had similar properties 

 with the water of St. Alkmund's well, as on comparison both these 

 waters curdelied a solution of soap in spirit of wine, and abounded 

 with calcareous earth, which was copiously precipitated by a solution 

 of fixed aSkali ; but the new water was found to possess a greater 

 abundance of it, with numerous small bubbles of aerial acid or cal- 

 rareous gas. The new water has now flowed about twelve months, 



