CLASSIFICATION OP ANIMALS. 329 



the hyslryx, whose body is covered with sharp spines : and the whole 

 order of pecora, whose genera, besides the characters taken from 

 the teeth, are distinguished into those which have horns, those 

 which have no horns, and by peculiarities in the horns themselves. 



The specific characters are very various, being taken from any 

 part of the body which possesses a peculiar uniform mark of dis- 

 tinction. As examples of these characters are to be found under 

 the proper name of each genus, it is unnecessary to say any thing 

 further concerning them in this place. 



The second class, Aves, is subdivided into six orders; the cha- 

 racters of which are taken chiefly from the structure of the bill. 



Order 1. The accipitres have a hooked bill, the superior mandi- 

 ble, near the base, being extended on each side beyond the inferior ; 

 and in some it is armed with teeth. This order includes four spe- 

 cies, viz. vultur, falco, strix, lanius. 



Order 2. The picae have a convex, compressed bill, resembling a 

 knife. This order contains twenty- three genera, viz. trochilus, 

 certhia, upupa, glaucopis, buphaga, sitta, oriolus, coracias, gracula, 

 corvus, paridisea, ramphastos, trogon, psittacus, crotophaga, picus, 

 yunx, cuculus, bucco, boceros, alcedo, merops, todus. 



Order 3. The anseres have a smooth bill, broadest at the point* 

 covered with a smooth skin, and furnished with teeth : the tongue 

 is fleshy ; and the toes are palmated or webbed. This order in- 

 cludes thirteen genera, viz. anas, mergus, phaeton, plotus, rhyncops, 

 diomedea, aptenodyta, alca, procellaria, pelecanus, larus, sterna, 

 colymbus. 



Order 4. The grallae have a somewhat cylindrical bill : the tail 

 is short, and the thighs are naked. This order contains twenty 

 genera, viz. phoenicopterus, platalea, palamedea, mycteria, tantalus, 

 ardea, corrira, recurvirostra, scolopax, tringa, fulica, parra, rallus* 

 vaginalis, psophia, cancroma, scopus, glareola, haematopus, chara* 

 drius. 



Order 5. The gallinae have a convex bill : the superior mandible 

 is vaulted over the inferior : the nostrils are half covered with a 

 convex cartilaginous membrane: and the feet are divided, but con- 

 nected at the inmost joint. Tins order contains ten genera, viz. 

 struthio, didus, pavo, meleagris, penelope, crax, phasianus, numida, 

 tetrao. 



