LABYRINTHS. 477 



of Vitruvius, who lived in the reign of Julius Caesar and Augustus. 

 Since Vitruvius, the principal authors are Alberti, Baldus, Barba. 

 rus, Blondel, Catanei, Demoniosius, Freard, Goldman, Gulicl. 

 mus, Langley, Mayer, Nicholson, Pain, Palladio, Perrault, Ri. 

 vius, Serlio, Scamozzi, Vignoli, and Ware. On the subject of 

 Gothic architecture, we refer to Essays on Gothic Architecture, 

 published by Taylor, and to a paper in vol. iv. Trans. Royal So. 

 ciely Edin. by sir James Hall. 



\_Pantologia. 



SECTION III. 



Labyrinths. 



AMONG the architectural curiosities of antiquity, there are few 

 entitled to more attention than the complicated and extraordinary 

 edifices known by the name of labyrinths. The most celebrated 

 were those of Crete, Lemnos, and Egypt. The first stood near 

 mount Ida, and was the production of the celebrated Daedalus. 

 All we know of it, however, is from loose rumour, or casual refer, 

 ence. Even in Pliny's time not a vestige of it was to be traced ; 

 and Bcllonius has been so much of an infidel as to conjecture that 

 it was nothing but an ancient quarry excavated by digging the stones 

 that served to build the neighbouring towns of Gortynas and 

 Grossas. 



The labyrinth of Lemnos is aupposed by Pliny to have been more 

 magnificent than that of Crete, when both were in their full per. 

 fection. It was a vast and splendid pile supported by forty columns 

 of extraordinary height and circumference. The architects em- 

 ployed in raising it were, Zinilus, Rhodus and Theodora , the last 

 a native of the island. In Pliny's time its vestiges wore still o be 

 traced ; but Bt llonius could not discover a relic of it during his 

 visit to Lemnos. 



Of all the labyrinths, however, of antiquity, that of Egypt was 

 the largest and most costly : and it is said to have furnished to 

 Daedalus the model of that of Crete, though he imitated not more 

 than the hundredth part of it. It was so extraordinary, that He. 

 Todotus who saw it says, that jt far surpassed the report of fame, 

 being, in his judgment, even more admirable than the pyramids. 

 As there were at least three bnildings of this kind, ancient writers, 



