566 MONUMENTAL REMAINS. 



without passing from one to another confusedly, and note whers 

 he begins, he may easily find the number. Dr. Stukely computes 

 them in the following manner : " the great oval," he says, " con. 

 sists of ten uprights ; the inner with the altar, of twenty; the 

 great circle of thirty j the inner of forty ; which are a hundred 

 upright stones ; five imposts of the great oval ; thirty of the great 

 circle ; the two stones on the bank of the area, the stone lying 

 within its entrance, and that standing without ; and another on 

 the ground directly opposite to the entrance of the avenue ; so 

 that the whole number is a hundred and forty.'' This writer ob- 

 serves, that, according to the intention of the founders, the whole 

 circle of the work was to consist of thirty stones, each stone to 

 be four cubits (a cubit being 20^ inches English measure) broad, 

 each interval two cubits; 30 times 2 cubits 60; and, therefore, 

 thrice 60 cubits complete a circle, whose diameter is 60. A stone 

 4 cubits broad, and 2 thick, is double the interval, which is a 

 square of 2 cubits. [Camden. 4rchoel. Trans. Pantolog. 



SECTION XXII. 



Tumuli ; including Barrows, Cairns, Cromlechs, Kist.vaem, 

 Logan, or Rocking.stones, and similar Monumental remains. 



SBVEUAI, of these singular elevations of ancient times are occa. 

 sionally confounded, and mistaken for each other ; and we shall 

 briefly point out their characteristic distinctions, before we enter 

 upon a more minute account of them. 



A Barrow is an artificial hillock or mount, common to many 

 parts of the world, composed of earth or earths, and stones pro- 

 miscuously, and containing human bones in its interior. This is 

 sometimes made to include the next. 



A Cairn, Kairn, or Carne, is a barrow surmounted with 

 large stones placed irregularly, but crowned with a broad flat 

 stone on the apex or top. 



A Cromlech is a monument of huge, rude, broad, and oftentimes 

 irregularly shaped, but Hut stones raised upon others that are set 

 up on end for this purpose, without any attention to the hillock, 

 and frequently occurring on a plain or even in a hollow. 



It happens at times that one or more of the horizontal stones 

 will rock or move with the slightest touch, though no lever can 

 throw them down. These are called Rocking-stones y and we are 

 not without instances of them produced naturally. 



