130 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY AND 



enter the diseased tissues, and, where possible, oxygen 

 should be injected. 



The cavities should be irrigated with a solution of 

 potassium permanganate or peroxide of hydrogen, and 

 the circulation should be maintained by repeated doses 

 of strychnine and caffeine hypodermically, and orally 

 ammonia. 



Blackquarter (Symptomatic Anthrax). 



In some countries and in certain counties this disease 

 affects a large percentage of young cattle; but, owing 

 to the extensive application of vaccine-therapy, it is not 

 so prevalent as it used to be in pre-vaccination days. 

 Curative vaccine-therapy must ever occupy a secondary 

 place so far as blackquarter is concerned. The pre- 

 monitory symptoms of the disease are so insignificant, 

 and those that are patent are of so short duration, 

 that the immunizer is unable to use his vaccine until 

 the disease has become established; and when diag- 

 nostic lesions are in evidence, curative measures, in the 

 writer's experience, are useless. As a prophylactic, black- 

 quarter vaccination has long passed the experimental stage, 

 and as such its position is now assured. 



The bacillus of quarter -evil, technically known as the 

 sarcophysematous bovis bacillus, gains entrance to the 

 system through some form of wound. 



It is motile, anaerobic, easily stained, 3 to 6 fi long, and 

 usually shows at the end a spore, giving the bacillus the 

 appearance of a club, resembling the bacillus of tetanus. 

 Unlike bacilli in general, it is Gram-positive ; but, like the 

 bacilli of malignant oedema, during growth it evolves gas. 



One attack, if the animal survives, confers immunity for a 

 long period, and it is believed a foetus in utero has complete 

 immunity conferred upon it if the mother contracts the 

 disease and lives. 



Several methods have been adopted to produce satis- 

 factory vaccines, but the two most commonly used in 



