VACCINE-THERAPY 131 



practice are Kitt's single vaccine and Arloing's double 

 vaccine. 



Kitt's single vaccine method consists of attenuating the 

 virus by moist heat at a temperature of 100° C. for six or 

 seven hours. The affected muscles should be carefully dis- 

 sected out and dried in a dry-air sterilizer or oven at a 

 temperature of 35° C, after which it should be powdered 

 and mixed with water to form a paste. This paste is now 

 spread on glass plates, and put in a thermostat and subjected 

 to the temperature already stated above. It should then 

 be dried, and the dose is 1 decigramme, mixed with sterile 

 water and a small percentage of lysol or carbolic acid. 



The great advantage of this vaccine to the busy prac- 

 titioner is that one injection only is required; but the 

 degree of immunity conferred is not so great or so lasting 

 as that obtained in using the double vaccine. We find in 

 practice, for economical reasons, clients do not like the 

 double vaccine, and if the disease is not developing beyond 

 its usual sporadic manner, the single vaccine answers quite 

 well. In some districts where blackquarter obtains serious 

 proportions, however, the double vaccine should un- 

 doubtedly be used. 



When vaccination as a prophylactic was first introduced 

 into this country, the writer had some unfortunate ex- 

 periences where the subcutaneous tissue over the shoulder 

 was the site chosen for injection. In several instances the 

 shoulder and leg swelled to alarming proportions, and one 

 animal died, although strict asepsis was observed. 



Since then we have always used the tail as the seat of 

 inoculation. Here the cellular tissue is denser, absorption 

 of the vaccine is more gradual, and the danger to life is nil. 

 Against this, however, the degree of immunity may not be 

 so great, and in consequence a more virulent vaccine may 

 be used; and in making our own vaccines now, we make 

 allowance for this fact by subjecting them to a lower 

 temperature. 



