VACCINE-THERAPY 133 



fellows that it cannot move, and, by a firm thrust of the 

 needle, pierce the skin, taking care not to drive the point 

 into the coccygeal bone, in which case the needle invariably 

 breaks. If done in this way, the animals need not be 

 caught or harassed in any way. 



When dealing with farms predisposed to quarter -evil 

 and pedigree stock, we always advise calves over six weeks 

 of age being vaccinated, and as a rule animals over three 

 years of age are usually proof against the disease, although 

 we have known a case in a milch-cow of six years old. 



Anthrax. 



The extreme virulence of the B. anthracis and the high 

 percentage of fatalities which follow its invasion offers 

 poor prospects of good results following the application of 

 curative measures. We find in practice some animals, and 

 certain species of animals, which are more resistant to its 

 destructive effects, however, than others; and it appears 

 the greater the tendency for the disease to localize itself, 

 the more certain the prospect of a recovery. Algerian 

 sheep seem to possess an inherited degree of immunity. 

 In cattle the disease usually shows itself as a generalized 

 septicaemia, with consequent rapid death. 



In the horse the tendency is for the disease to confine its 

 effects to the glands of the throat, and recovery has been 

 known to follow. When the lesions are in the bowels or 

 lungs, death always follows. 



In the pig a favourite seat for infection is the glands of 

 the throat, and not a few recover. One attack seems to 

 confer a pronounced degree of immunity. 



Prophylactic vaccines have been made by many workers, 

 but probably Pasteur's vaccine is the most successful now 

 in use. He prepares two vaccines as follows : 



Vaccine Treatment. 



Vaccine No. 1 consists of cultivating the bacilli on broth 

 at a temperature of 42° C. for twenty-four days. 



