VACCINE-THERAPY 157 



well worth considering by horse-breeding societies or 

 Government departments. 



The individual immunizer, however, can do much for his 

 client, by using prophylactic sero-vaccines when influenza or 

 strangles has broken out in a stud of young blood or 

 hunter stock, to reduce the risk of roaring to a minimum. 

 Every animal should have a dose at the first appearance of 

 the outbreak in a stud, and this should be repeated in three 

 to five days, two to four injections being sufficient, according 

 to the severity of the outbreak. (See Appendix II.) 



Glanders. 



Mention of this disease is made here, not with the idea of 

 suggesting the use of a curative vaccine, but to note in 

 passing the diagnostic value of mallein. 



The toxin is prepared by growing the bacilli on glycerin 

 veal for a month or six weeks at 37° C. in flat-bottomed 

 flasks, by which time a thick yellow surface growth has 

 developed. 



The bacteria are then killed by steaming at a temperature 

 of 115° C. for half an hour. 



The fluid emulsion is next concentrated to one-fourth its 

 original volume by evaporation, and finally filtered through 

 porcelain to remove the dead bacilli, after which it is 

 mixed with an equal volume of a i per cent, solution of 

 carbolic acid and bottled, and kept in a cool, dark room. 



If mallein is injected into a glandered horse, a reaction 

 occurs. 



The temperature should be taken on the twelfth, fifteenth, 

 eighteenth, and twenty-fourth hour after injection, having 

 been previously taken once at least, or better twice, before 

 injection. 



Should the temperature rise 2-7° F., the animal may 

 safely be branded as suffering from glanders, particularly 

 if there is in addition a local reaction in the shape of a 

 swelling at the seat of injection. This swelling will show 

 itself within twenty-four hours of the injection, and persists 



