158 CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY AND 



for three or four davs. If the case is a certain one, the 

 swelling will be at least 4 inches in diameter, and may be 

 double, and is very painful. If the animal is not glandered, 

 a small local swelling may take place at the seat of in- 

 jection, but this soon subsides. 



Widal's agglutination test for diagnostic purposes has 

 been extensively carried out on the Continent, and in 

 those cases where the temperature is persistently high it 

 would appear this means of diagnosis is a useful adjunct. 



Canine Distemper. 



Wherever a canine population exists, distemper in some 

 form or other is to be found, and as children are supposed 

 to have measles before they reach maturity, so also dogs 

 are expected to develop distemper during their early life. 



In approaching the subject of the bacteriology of dis- 

 temper, one is struck with the number of alleged causative 

 bacteria which have been isolated by various workers. 



Rale in 1883 isolated a staphylococcus from pustules, 

 nasal discharges, conjunctival secretions, the internal organs, 

 and the blood. 



Vallerio in 1896 discovered an ovoid bacillus in the 

 brain, spinal cord, nasal sinus, and conjunctival discharges, 

 and named it Bacillus caniculse. 



Piorkowski in 1905 detected a bacillus similar to Vallerio. 



Copeman in 1909 discovered a bacillus of the cocci 

 group, which he grew on gelatin and potato, and produced 

 symptoms characteristic of distemper by injecting 1 c.c. 

 of a week-old broth culture. 



Lignieres about this period associated the causative 

 organism with the pasteurella group. 



Carre, on the other hand, claims that the causative 

 bacterium of distemper belongs to the ultravisible group. 



Ferry, in 1910, adopted a system of inquiry contrary to 

 those of the previous investigators, inasmuch as he began 

 investigating the nature of the disease in its initial stage, 

 and isolated from the small bronchi — and sometimes from 



