Chapter I. 



In the month of December, 1899, Stanley at last finished his 

 venturesome journey and reached Zanzibar with Emin Pasha and 

 his followers. A few months later, Emin Pasha, at the head of 

 a German expedition, set forth again to return to the equatorial 

 lakes. About the beginning of June, 1 89 1 , he found himself once 

 more on the western slope of Ruwenzori, encamped at Karevia, 

 near the southern course of the Semliki (Issango) river. 



It was from this encampment, 4,364 feet of altit\ide, that 

 Dr. F. Stuhlmann, one of the members of the expedition, made a 

 five days' excursion up the valley of Butagu, one of the largest 

 of the western valleys of the chain. He reached an altitude of 

 13,326 feet, not verv far from the snow, in sight of two snowy 

 mountains. 



He was oblio-ed to return, owini»" to his limited means of 

 transport and to the sufferings of the natives from cold. A good 

 naturalist, a first-rate exjjlorer and a painstaking observer, 

 Stuhlmann was tlie first to give an accurate description of the 

 successive zones of vegetation in its varying forms at difierent 

 altitudes. He proved clearly that Ruwenzori is not a single 

 mountain, Init a real range. He distinguished four principal 

 groups to which he gave, proceeding from north to south, the 

 names Kraepelin, Moebius (the highest peak called Kanjangungwe 

 by the natives). Semper (Ngemwimbi of the natives), and 

 Weismann. He was able to photograph two of these groups 

 from the upper Butagu Valley. He also showed that Stairs' 

 suo;crestion of a volcanic orimn for tlie ranire is without 

 foundation. Strange as it may seem, lie failed to recognize the 

 presence of true glaciers, but was ratliei- inclined to regard them 

 as mere accuiimlatioiis of snow. 



Stuhlmann was succeeded in the exploi'ation of liuwenzori 

 by the natiii-alist G. F. Scott Elliot in the years 1894-95. He 



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