Appendix A. 



interpolation of tlio jiassagc in the Geography where aUusion is made to the Mountains of the 

 iloon, or, in other words, he liolds them to have hceu written by Ptolemy himself. " The 

 attempt of ilr. Cooley," he writes, '' to discard altogether the Mountains of the Moon as an 

 interpolation in tlie text of Ptolemy, due to tlie Arabian Geographers, appears to me wholly 

 untenable. The passage in which he speaks of them (IV, 9, 3) is unconnected with that con- 

 cerning tlie two lakes (IV, 8, 23), and probably derived from a different authority ; but it is 

 not inconsistent with it." {See op cit., p. 617, note 3.) 



(-'') O. B.\UMANN, Durch Masailand zur Nilquelle, p. 133. 



(-") Before these geographical details -nere known, geographers were naturally inclined 

 to identify those snowy mountains of East Africa with tlie Mountains of the Moon of 

 Ptolemy's Geography. It will suffice to mention Charles Bf.ke {On ihe Mountains 

 forming the eastern sidf of the Nile, Edinburgh, ISGl) ; Vivien de Saint-Maktin 

 {Le Xord de FAfrique dans VAntiquilé grecqite et rom-iine, Paris, 1863) ; Etiexne Felix 

 Berlioux {Doctrina Ptolemaei ab injuria recenticnm rindicata, Paris, 1874), Sir E. H. 

 BcNBURT {A History of Ancient Geographi/, Vol. II, p. 617) ; H. TozEK, who, in his 

 History of Ancient Geography, published in 1897, lience subsequently to Stanley's last 

 great expedition, writes at ji. 352: "The intelligence which is contained in tlicse two 

 statements (regarding the two lakes as sources of the Nile and the Mountains of the Moon) 

 was probably transmitted, not by way of the Nile Valley, whicli was not followed by 

 traders beyond the marshy region which lias been already noticed, but from the coast in 

 the neighbourhood of Zanzibar, where the station of Hhai)ta had been established. On 

 this supposition it is not inijirobalilc tliat the lakes here s)H)ken of are the A'ictoria and 

 Albert Nyanza, and the mention of so unusual a phenomenon as snow-covered mountains in 

 tlie neighbourhood of the ecjuator supports tlie conjecture that the Mountains of the Moon 

 are none other than Mounts Kilimanjaro (19,700 feet), and Kciiia (18,370 feet), which lie 

 between those lakes and the seii." 



C^') Amongst the most vigorous clianiiiiuiis of Stanley's view is H. S. Schlichter, who 

 concludes his learned work on Ptolk.mv's Topography of Eastern Equatorial Africa (1891), 

 with the following words : — " Mr. Stanley's discovery of this great snow mountain, surrounded 

 by a series of other ])eaks, forms, so to speak, the kt'v to tlie wliole question of the Mountains of 

 the Moon. For it is jierfectly clear that by the Ptolfinaraii mountain, the snows of which 

 feed the Nile lakes, only Ruwenzori can he meant, as may he seen from a glance at 

 IMr. Stanley's map, where we find a great numl)er of rivers (I have counted more than forty) 

 which flow from the heights of Ruwenzori into the Semliki or the Albert Edward Nyanza. 

 We have seen that the western end of the Mountains of the Moon, as descrilu'd by Ptolemy, 

 coincides with Ruwenzori, and Mr. Stanley is therefore perfectly justified in claiming to 

 liave found and identified the lofty peaks, <-elebrated in antiquity, in which the Nile takes 

 its rise, and whicli, for many centuries jiast, were more enigmatical than any otiici' nnumtain 

 in the world." 



Dealing with a (|lll•^tion wliose final resolution, in the absence of safe and ]>i>-iti\i' data 

 and in the scarcity of actual facts, must always remain a " pious wish," one well understands 

 how Sclilichti*r's conclusions were not unanimously accepted, and even found formidable 

 o))ponents, amongst whom Raveiistein must be sjiecially meni ioncd. Tlie examination of the 

 arguments advanced for and against would far exci-ed the modest limits to uhich I have 

 confined myself in these pages. I must rest sati-licd with lierc i|iititing tlie opinion expressed 



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