20 



THE SCIENCE AKD PRACTICE 



figs. 3 and 5, as those were fleshy and succulent ; but 

 when the roots of runners are examined, they are 

 always found to be tough and 

 woody, and, in fact, they very 

 nearly resemble the wild ex- 

 amples. 



Pig. 7 is taken from a carrot 

 that has run, and its rough, 

 woody, nodular, forked root 

 is fully apparent. 



Eig. 8, from a specimen of 

 White Belgian carrot, forked 

 as it is, is yet not uncommon ; 

 still, here the divided roots 

 are succulent. This differs 

 from the annual or run-to-seed 

 roots, as this is a real biennial ; 

 but its other mark of degene- 

 racy, besides that of finger- 

 and-toe, was in its possessing 

 a top (removed for experiment 

 before the drawing was made) 

 of many buds or heads. Now 

 a multiheaded root, whether 

 in turnips, carrots, parsnip, or 

 mangel, is another sign of 

 degeneracy, especially in the 

 carrot or mangel, as the 



Fig. G. Carrot of First Year run to Seed. Half nat. size. 



wild examples are remarkable for this condition ; and 

 in ennobling these roots, one of the difficulties is to 

 get rid of this propensity. 



