52 HOW TO GROW GOOD GRASSES. 



not so extensive as may be supposed ; indeed, there 

 is scarcely such a thing at all, as all pastures are the 

 result of something like cultivation, — as, left to them- 

 selves, that is, to Nature, they would soon resume 

 the aspect of jungle, moor, or marsh, according to 

 soil and situation. 



Meadows and pastures may, then, for our present 

 purpose, be conveniently tabulated as follows : — 



a. Permanent Pastures. 



1. Moors and, uplands, unenclosed or but par- 



tially fenced in. 



2. Commons, unenclosed land, usually about 



villages, conferring the right of cattle and 

 goose grazing. 



3. River flats and lowlands, liable to floods. 



4 Irrigated Meadow, in which the water is 

 controllable. 



5. Meadows, or permanent grass enclosures, 



b. Artificial Pastures. 



6. Seeds, shifting crops of some grasses, clovers, 



saintfoin, &c, used either mixed or sepa- 

 rately. 



1. Moors, uplands, and downs (such as Dartmoor 

 and Salisbury Plain) are more or less wild according 

 to their elevation and the geological formation on 

 which they occur. They consist of large tracts of 

 land either without fences at all, or only those of 

 the most inefficient kind, rather boundary-lines than 

 otherwise. They are never used for haymaking, nor 

 are they cultivated beyond depasturing. These are 

 dotted with patches of rough grass, thorns, briers, 



