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HOW TO GROW GOOD TIMBER. 



where may be found the American oaks, the Ilex 

 oak, and Turkey oak trees, it has been the only one 

 subjected to the operations of the new gall pest. It 

 has long been known that our native oaks were sub- 

 ject to excrescences of 

 different forms and 

 sizes, such, for example, 

 as oak-apples, oakleaf 

 galls, oak spangles, &c, 

 all of which were as- 

 certained to be caused 

 by several species of 

 cynips ; but lately we 

 have to lament the in- 

 troduction of a new 

 species of the same 

 insect, forming a new 

 kind of gall, which, in- 

 stead of attacking the 

 backs of the leaves, as 

 does the oakleaf gall, 

 occupies the stem that 

 belongs to the leaf; in 

 fact, the attacked leaves seem to be converted into 

 bunches of galls, as represented in the adjoining 

 figure, which presents an illustration of the new 

 pest. They are hard galls, more or less like the 

 "nut-gall" from Aleppo, of which ink is made, and 

 it will be seen that the little twig supports no less 

 than five galls, in the interior of each of which may 

 be found the maggot or larva of an insect ; and, as 

 this is affected at the expense of the buds and leaves, 

 the mode of injury must be obvious, as the new twigs 



Galls of the Cynips Queirus petiolata. 

 (Natural size.) 



