HOW TO GROW GOOD TIMBER. 



297 



Scotch Elms be absolutely distinct, we shall yet 

 describe as two well-established forms of forest trees, 

 and endeavour to put them in their proper position 

 among profitable and ornamental timber trees, to 

 which end we would distinguish them as follows : — 



1. Ulmus campestris. 

 {English Elm.) 



Leaves small, doubly-notched 

 at the margin, with an alternation 

 of larger and smaller teeth (altei'- 

 nately serrate). 



Fruit small and flat, with a 

 deep notch at the apex ; bunches 

 somewhat small and inconspi- 

 cuous. 



Branches more or less spread- 

 ing, inclining to be rough or even 

 corky (suberose). Twigs more or 

 less hairy. 



Bole more or less towering 

 upwards, its divisions having the 

 same tendency. Arms more like 

 those of the beech. 



Roots throwing up suckers 

 often at a great distance from 

 the tree. 



2. Ulmus Montana. 

 (Scotch Elm.) 



Leaves larger, divided into 

 segments at the margin, which 

 segments are notched with fine 

 serrated teeth. 



Fruit large and flat, with a 

 slight notch at the apex ; bunches 

 large and having the general 

 appearance of bunches of hops. 



Branches more or less upright, 

 smooth, and even. Twigs some- 

 times clothed with a short down. 



Bole shorter, branching at a 

 moderate elevation into large 

 spreading arms, more like those 

 of the oak. 



Pioots not stoloniferous. 



1. Ulmus campestris. — The English Elm, though 

 not the producer of the most valuable timber, or of 

 a kind for more refined purposes, is still one of the 

 most extensively useful of any kind whatsoever. The 

 long straight balks of this Elm caused it at one 

 time to be employed for water-pipes ; these can be 

 readily cot into boards of great length and width, 

 2 A 



