346 HOW TO GROW GOOD ORCHARDS. 



two cylindrical rollers, between which it is afterwards 

 crushed with greater or less completeness. 



In some cases the rollers are of iron, in others 

 of hard stone : the latter is preferable, as contact 

 with iron, even where but slight, causes the drink 

 to assume a degree of blackness, especially on 

 exposure. 



Portable mills of this kind are now very general, 

 but we so fully agree with the remarks of Mr. Cadle, 

 that we here quote his description of some portable 

 cider-mills, with his comments upon their action. 



About twenty-six years ago, Mr. Coleman, of Chaxhill, Westbury- 

 on-Severn, commenced making an improved cider-mill and press, 

 which could act either as a fixture or a portable mill. It was found 

 that the cider thus made fined better, and the process was also more 

 expeditious. These advantages, together with the cost of keeping 

 the old kind of mills in repair, which landlords were unwilling to 

 undertake, led to their being superseded, as they wore out, by 

 Coleman's, or a similar mill. 



Coleman's mill consists of two pairs of rollers fixed in a strong 

 wooden frame ; it is fed from a hopper, the apples passing through 

 the first pair of rollers, which are made of hard wood, with iron 

 teeth, so as to break the apples, which fall next between a pair of 

 stone rollers set close enough to break the kernels, and from these the 

 pulp drops into a trough placed beneath to receive it. 



Mr. Latchem, of Hereford, has also paid considerable attention to 

 the construction of these mills, and has taken out a patent for doing 

 away with the iron in the feed-rollers, and substituting steel teeth 

 fitted into one roller, and working through other steel teeth on a 

 fixed plate, partly on the same principle as a curd-mill. The fruit, 

 after passing this " chewer," is ground between a pair of stone rollers, 

 as before described. 



Until the portable apple-mills became general, we had a mill to 

 almost every farm, and even to many of the cottages ; but in Devon- 

 shire one mill or pound-house serves for a number of makers, and 

 sometimes for a parish, each person paying so much per hogshead for 

 the making. 



