i 5 2 LAW 



into the History of Universal Legal Ideas, or Evolution 

 of Law; and the cultivation of this branch of learning 

 has gone on apace in France, since the classic days 

 of Sir Henry MAINE and FUSTEL DE COULANGES, whose 

 works, appearing about the same time in the '6os, have 

 passed into numerous editions in many languages and 

 have set going a world-wide wave of ideas. It may be 

 said that KOHLER, in Germany, and DARESTE (recently 

 deceased) in France, have been the two chief inspirers 

 of research in this field in the past generation. But the 

 social, economic, and anthropological fields are here so 

 intimately involved that much valuable work has been 

 done by scholars who cannot strictly be classed as jurists. 

 In France, Paul GIDE, LAVELEYE, LETOURNEAU, TARDE, 

 ARBOIS DE JOUBAINVILLE, represent the general literature 

 of the past generation on this subject. The brothers 

 REVILLOUT, with their prolific works on Egyptian and 

 Babylonian law, gave new directions to the zest for 

 general ideas in this field. DE LA GRASSERIE (recently 

 deceased) emphasized its sociologic aspects. 



For living teachers, no one stands out as specially 

 devoted to it; the several aspects must be sought among 

 the specialists in history, philology, ethnology, sociology, 

 archaeology, and philosophy. For example, GLOTZ 

 (Paris), in Greek law; DURKHEIM (Paris), in primitive 

 religions; HAUSSOULIER (Paris), in epigraphy; SCHEIL 

 (Paris) , in Assyriology , are powerfully stimulating the com- 

 parative treatment of legal evolution in its border rela- 

 tions with philology, religion, economics, and sociology. 

 There is also a special ficole d'Anthropologie at Paris. 



Comparative Contemporary Law. This field, which 

 sometimes merges into the former, is richly represented 

 in French learning. The Socie'te' de Legislation com- 

 pared, founded in 1870 (the oldest of its kind) publishes 



