INSTITUTIONS, DEGREES, ETC. 393 



II. DEGREES, DIPLOMAS, AND CERTIFICATES 

 IN THE UNIVERSITIES. 



Scholastic work done in French Universities may be attested 

 by certificates of assiduity, or by degrees, diplomas, and certificates. 



There are two great and distinct groups of degrees, diplomas, 

 and certificates: (i) those conferred by the State; (2) those con- 

 ferred by the Universities. 



(1) The degrees, diplomas, and certificates, conferred by the 

 State, grant to those who possess them various prerogatives, par- 

 ticularly the right of practising in France certain professions. 



(2) The degrees, diplomas, and certificates conferred by the 

 Universities themselves, and in their own name, serve to attest 

 studies pursued for which the State has created no formal approval; 

 or again they put upon the same studies as those pursued for the 

 corresponding degrees of the State a stamp of equal value, without 

 conferring the right to practise in France the professions for which 

 the possession of the latter is required. As, in general, the condi- 

 tions of "inscription" for the degrees conferred by the Universities 

 make it possible to take fuller account of the scholastic work 

 already done in other countries, these degrees and diplomas are 

 more easily accessible to foreign students. 



I. CERTIFICATES OF ASSIDUITY (" CERTIFICATS D'ASSIDUITE")- 



These certificates are especially useful to foreign students who 

 desire to receive credit in the universities of their native country 

 for the time they have spent in a French University. They may 

 be earned by any foreign student who has been regularly matricu- 

 lated and who has taken part in the prescribed work of a Faculty or 

 School during at least one semester. 



As the formalities for keeping track of this prescribed work 

 vary from University to University and from Faculty to Faculty, 

 all students desiring, at the end of their studies, to obtain such a 

 certificate are recommended to make this intention known when 

 they matriculate at the office of the Secretary of their Faculty. 

 They will then receive instructions relative to their various obliga- 

 tions. 



A request for a Certificate of Assiduity must be addressed to 

 the office of the Secretary of the Faculty at the end of the 

 semester. 



