FRIEDLANDER'S BACILLUS. 81 



but also lying free. They are more difficult to cultivate than the 

 influenza bacillus, but the same general methods hold. 



Diplobacillus of Morax. This organism causes mild conjunc- 

 tivitis chiefly at the internal angle of the eye. They are about i or 2 // 

 long and tend to occur in pairs or short chains. Some claim that 

 they are Gram positive. They are haemophilic. 



Bacillus of Chancroid (Ducrey, 1889). These are short cocco- 

 bacilli, occurring chiefly in chains. They show bipolar staining. 

 They grow best in a mixture of blood and bouillon. 



GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI GROWING ON ORDINARY MEDIA. 



Bacillus Pneumoniae (Friedlander, 1882). This organism is 

 responsible for about 5% of the cases of pneumonia. It is usually 

 termed the pneumobacillus to distinguish it from the pneumococcus; 

 at other times Friedlander's bacillus. The name of Fraenkel attaches 

 to the pneumococcus. Morphologically, it is a short, thick bacillus, 

 and in pathological material, as sputum, shows a wide capsule. -It is 

 nonmotile and Gram negative. The colonies on agar are of a pearly 

 whiteness and are markedly visci'd.' ' On potato it shows a thick viscid 

 growth containing gas bubble^. The characteristic culture is the nail 

 culture of a gelatin stab. The growth at the surface is heaped up like a 

 round-headed nail, the line of puncture resembling the shaft of the 

 nail. It does not liquefy gelatin. It does not produce indol, and 

 does not produce gas in lactose bouillon differences from the colon 

 bacillus with which it may be confused in cultures, as it does not 

 then possess a capsule. If in doubt, inject a mouse at the root of the 

 tail. Death from septicaemia occurs in two days. The peritoneum is 

 sticky and numerous capsulated bacilli are present in the blood and 

 organs. The organisms which have been isolated from rhinoscleroma 

 and ozcena are practically identical with the B. pneumonias. This 

 group of organisms are generally referred to as the Friedlander group. 

 Similar organisms have been isolated from the discharges of middle- 

 ear diseases and in anginas. Cases have been reported where the 

 B. pneumoniae was the cause of septicaemia in man. 



Bacillus Pestis (Kitasato, Yersin, 1894). This is the organism of 

 plague. It is the member of the group of hemorrhagic septicaemias 



