KALA AZAR. l8l 



1. Nagana. Pathogenic for domestic animals. T. brucei. 



2. Surra. Pathogenic for horses in India and Philippines. 

 T. evansi. 



3. Dourine. Transmitted by coitus in horses. T. equiper- 

 dum. 



4. Mai de caderas. Affects horses in South America. T. 

 equinum. 



A harmless infection, especially in sewer rats, is due to T. lewisi. 

 There are many trypanosomes in birds, fish, frogs, etc. 



Trypanoplasma. 



The genus Trypanoplasma has a rather large blepharoplast, 

 from which arise two flagella. One extends forward as a free anterior 

 flagellum, while the other projects posteriorly, running along the 

 border of the undulating membrane. This Genus is not known for 

 man. 



Leishmania. 



The genus Leishmania includes two species: one, the L. donovani, 

 the parasite of kala azar, and the other the L. tropica, the parasite 

 of oriental sore. These are undoubtedly different species, inasmuch 

 as in sections of India, where tropical ulcer was common, there was 

 no kala azar, and in Assam where kala azar prevailed there were no 

 Leishman-Donoyan bodies to be found in smears from the tropical 

 ulceration there present, except rarely in cases of general infection. 

 L. tropica has not been cultivated. 



These parasites are typically intracellular, being within either 

 polymorphonuclears, which contain only one or two of the bodies, or in 

 large mononuclears, in which there may be as many as six. They 

 may be packed, however, in phagocytic endothelial cells. The parasites 

 occur in the peripheral circulation in about 80% of the cases. They 

 abound in the liver and spleen. The parasite is oval and about 2x3^. 

 There are two distinct chromatin staining masses. The larger nu- 

 cleus is more or less spherical and stains faintly, while the smaller 

 chromatin mass is generally rod-shaped and stains intensely. It has 

 been recently recommended that instead of liver or splenic puncture 



